Description: Illustration of General Ulysses S. Grant and soldiers crossing a river and establishing a camp while doing reconnaissance near Columbus, Kentucky, as published in "Civil War in Pictures" by Fletcher Pratt. Caption reads: "Grant's reconnaissance toward Columbus." View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL04600
Subjects: Grant, Ulysses S., 1822-1885; Ohio--History--Civil War, 1861-1865; Ohio--History, Military; Presidents--United States; Generals--United States; Camps
Places: Columbus (Kentucky)
 

Description: Illustration of General Ulysses S. Grant and soldiers crossing a river and establishing a camp while doing reconnaissance near Columbus, Kentucky, published in "Harper's Pictorial History of the Civil War" by Alfred H. Guernsey. Ulysses S. Grant was born Hiram Ulysses Grant in Point Pleasant, Ohio. During the U. S. Civil War, Grant was promoted to the rank of General and granted command of the Union army by President Abraham Lincoln. After the victory of the Union over the Confederacy, Grant's popularity led to his election as the 18th President of the United States in 1868. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL04605
Subjects: Grant, Ulysses S., 1822-1885; Ohio--History--Civil War, 1861-1865; Ohio--History, Military; Presidents--United States; Generals--United States; Camps
Places: Columbus (Kentucky)
 

Description: Two men stand at the intersection of Welch and South High Streets, across from a Clark filling station and Kentucky Fried Chicken, in Columbus, Ohio. Clark Oil is a leading refiner and marketer of gasoline, while KFC is a popular fast food restaurant specializing in poultry products. Houses, a mailbox, and several telephone poles are also visible in the photograph. The High Street Photograph Collection is comprised of over 400 photographs of High Street in Columbus, Ohio, taken in the early 1970s. These photographs were taken primarily at street level and document people and the built environment from the Pontifical College Josephinum on North High Street in Worthington through Clintonville, the University District and Short North, Downtown and South Columbus. The photographs were used in a television photo documentary that aired on WOSU called "High Street." Photographers that were involved in this project were Alfred Clarke, Carol Hibbs Kight, Darrell Muething, Clayton K. Lowe, and Julius Foris, Jr. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV254_B03F070_01
Subjects: Columbus (Ohio)--History--20th century; Street photography; Service stations; Fast food restaurants;
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph from the Ohio Penitentiary in Columbus is of 21-year-old Elmer Curnutt of Otas, Kentucky. His formal attire suggests that the photograph was taken during his trial or sentencing. Curnutt was convicted of murdering Thomas Wilson, a Cincinnati cafe owner, and was the 259th individual to be executed via the electric chair in Ohio. The caption at the bottom reads: “No. 259, Elmer Curnutt of Hamilton County, Legally Electrocuted July 16th, 1948, for the Murder of Thomas Wilson.” In 1885 the Ohio Penitentiary in Columbus, Ohio, became the location for all executions, which previously took place in the various county seats. In 1896 the Ohio General Assembly mandated that electrocution replace hanging as the form of capital punishment. The Ohio Penitentiary regularly offered tours as well as souvenir photographs and postcards of the building and prisoners on death row. A total of 315 prisoners, both men and women, were executed in the electric chair known as “Old Sparky” between 1897 and 1963. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL08313
Subjects: Ohio History--State and Local Government--Law; Capital punishment--Ohio--History; Death row; Electrocution; Ohio History--State and Local Government--Corrections; Ohio Penitentiary (Columbus, Ohio); Prisons--Ohio
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio); Otas (Kentucky); Hamilton County (Ohio); Kentucky
 

Description: Lime pulvers made by the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company of Columbus, Ohio being delivered to Hopkinsville, Kentucky by railroad, 1914. Lime pulvers crushed limestone to powder that farmers applied to fields to enrich soil and increase crop yields. Pulvers were belt-driven machines, powered by either steam or gasoline engines. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL01319
Subjects: Crushing machinery; Ohio Economy--Economy--Business
Places: Hopkinsville (Kentucky)
 

Description: A photograph of a sculpture of Simon Kenton. Ohio sculptor John Quincy Adams Ward designed this statue of Simon Kenton, an early Ohio settler who was known for his conflicts with American Indians, in the early 1860s. He had hoped an enlargement of this statue, to be placed in Columbus, Ohio, would be his first public monument. Due to the outbreak of the Civil War, however, the project was not approved. The statue measures 26" high (66.04 cm). Ward (1830-1910) was born in Urbana, Ohio. He moved to New York in 1849 to study under sculptor Henry Kirke Brown. In 1861 he established a studio and began working on pieces with distinctly American themes. The Indian Hunter was his first public work and one of several pieces placed in Central Park in New York. He also created statues of George Washington and James A. Garfield in Washington, D.C. Ward also created the pediment statues at the New York Stock Exchange, focusing on figures signifying American wealth and commerce. Simon Kenton (1755-1836) was born in Virginia and fled to avoid prosecution for a fight in which he believed that he killed his opponent. Using the name Simon Butler, he settled in Boonesboro, Kentucky. He served as a spy during Lord Dunmore's War and spent time in a British prison in Detroit. He joined General Anthony Wayne's offensive against the American Indians in Ohio in 1793 at fought in the Battle of Fallen Timbers. During the War of 1812 he commanded troops at the Battle of the Thames, in which the Americans were victorious over the British. Kenton died in Logan County, Ohio on April 29, 1836. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B14F04_013_001
Subjects: Sculpture; Ward, John Quincy Adams, 1830-1910; Kenton, Simon, 1755-1836
Places: Urbana (Ohio); Champaign County (Ohio)
 

Description: This image is a view of Camp Chase Confederate Cemetery, Columbus, Ohio. Rows of headstones mark the soldiers' graves. Visible in the left center background is a bronze figure of a Confederate soldier standing atop a stone arch. The cemetery is located in a residential neighborhood. Organized in 1861, Camp Chase initially replaced Camp Jackson, located near Columbus, as a recruitment and training center for the Union Army. The facility was named after Salmon P. Chase, Treasury Secretary under President Abraham Lincoln and former governor of Ohio. However, Camp Chase became a prisoner-of-war camp early in the war. The first inmates at Camp Chase were chiefly political and military prisoners from Kentucky and Western Virginia allegedly loyal to the Confederacy. Union victories at Fort Donaldson, Tennessee, on Feb. 16, 1862, and at Mississippi River Island No. 10, on April 8, 1862, brought an influx of Confederate prisoners to Camp Chase, most of whom were enlisted men and non-commissioned officers. During 1863 the prison population at Camp Chase numbered 8,000 men, its peak. Like many prisons in the north, Camp Chase was ravaged by disease; during late 1864, a smallpox epidemic resulted in many deaths. During the course of the Civil War, more than two thousand Confederate prisoners died at Camp Chase. Initially, prison officials buried dead prisoners in a Columbus city cemetery. In 1863, however, the prison established its own cemetery. Remains were reinterred in the prison cemetery after its opening. Following the war, thirty-one Confederate bodies from Camp Dennison near Cincinnati were moved to the Camp Chase cemetery. The Union military closed Camp Chase at the end of the Civil War. Efforts to mark the graves of the Confederate dead within the cemetery began by the mid-1890s. Led by William H. Knauss, a wounded Union Army veteran, this movement succeeded in bringing together both Union and Confederate veterans’ organizations to pay tribute to those interred in the cemetery. Memorial services have been held at the cemetery every year since 1896. On June 7, 1902, a monument to the Confederate dead was erected at the cemetery. In 1904, Congress allocated funds for the maintenance of Camp Chase Confederate Cemetery. Most of what remains of Camp Chase today includes two acres of land, consisting primarily of the Confederate cemetery. Officially, the Camp Chase Confederate Cemetery contains an estimated 2,168 remains in 2,122 graves. Camp Chase Confederate Cemetery has two monuments. The first depicts a bronze figure of a Confederate Civil War soldier standing atop a granite arch, his rifle held vertically in front of him, with both hands resting on the top of the barrel. Originally the memorial consisted of a wooden arch inscribed with the word “AMERICANS,” but in 1902 the wooden arch was replaced with this 17' tall stone memorial. The second monument is a 3-foot-tall boulder underneath the stone arch. Installed in 1897, the boulder bears an inscription that reads: "2260 Confederate Soldiers of the war 1861-1865 buried in this enclosure." (This statistic disagrees with the official record.) The Camp Chase site, including the Confederate Cemetery, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL06659
Subjects: Camp Chase Confederate Cemetery (Columbus, Ohio); Camp Chase (Ohio); Civil War; Cemeteries--Ohio; Civil War--Prisoners and prisons; National Register of Historic Places
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph of a portrait of Joseph Vance (1786-1852) who served as Ohio's governor from 1836-1838. Vance was elected as Ohio's governor in 1836, becoming the first Whig Party candidate elected in the state. During his term as governor, Vance supported state funding for public schools and canal construction. He also worked to abolish capital punishment in Ohio. He had an excellent reputation as governor until he supported the extradition of someone accused of helping escaped slaves to stand trial in Kentucky. Although Vance had previously been known for his anti-slavery views, the extradition seriously affected his campaign for reelection in 1838. Ultimately, Wilson Shannon was elected as governor instead. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: R_445_Vance
Subjects: Ohio History--State and Local Government; Ohio--Governors--Portraits
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: This color image is a closeup of a paper sign taped to the door of a blue car. The sign reads: "Ohio State School for the Blind / 20 / Braille Rallye." A Braille Rallye is a competitive event in which a blind or visually impaired navigator is paired with a sighted driver. Driving directions and descriptions of landmarks are written in Braille, which the navigator reads and then imparts to the driver as they proceed along the course. Results of the competition are based on navigation and timekeeping. In 1835 Dr. William Awl of Columbus and Dr. Daniel Drake of Cincinnati recommended to the Ohio General Assembly that a residential school for the blind be established. On April 3, 1837, Ohio governor Duncan McArthur signed the legislation that created the nation's first public school for the blind. The Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind opened on July 3, 1837, with five students. It was the predecessor of the Ohio State School for the Blind. Any blind children residing in Ohio could attend the institution, which was located in downtown Columbus. The school initially had a maximum capacity of sixty students, but upon moving to a new building in 1874, more than three hundred students could attend at one time. Between 1839 and 1901, 2,058 students enrolled at the Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind, with 339 attending in 1901 alone. In the early 1900s the Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind became known as the Ohio State School for the Blind, and the Ohio Department of Education assumed control of the school. In 1953 the school moved ten miles north of its original location to its present home at 5220 North High Street. In 2005, 126 students enrolled in the Ohio State School for the Blind. Students as young as three and as old as twenty-one years of age attended the school. Students could receive their entire education, kindergarten through high school, at the institution. In addition, the Ohio State School for the Blind offered vocational training for its students. William Awl (1799-1876) was born in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. He studied medicine at the Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia and, in 1825, established a practice in Lancaster, Ohio. As a physician, Awl sought to improve medical care for the imprisoned, the blind, and the mentally ill. In 1833, the Ohio legislature appointed Awl as the physician of the Ohio Penitentiary. Two years later Awl helped organize the Ohio Medical Association. This organization lobbied the Ohio legislature to establish a state hospital for the mentally ill and a school for the blind. In 1837, they succeeded in convincing the legislature to establish the Ohio Lunatic Asylum. Awl served as the director of this institution until 1850. He believed that mental health problems were illnesses that physicians could treat. In 1868 he became the physician for the Ohio Institution for the Blind. Daniel Drake (1785-1852) was in New Jersey. His family was very poor and moved to Kentucky in 1788, hoping to improve its lot on the frontier. In 1798, Drake became a student of Dr. William Goforth, one of the first physicians in Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1805 he received the first medical diploma granted west of the Appalachian Mountains. Drake played a major role in establishing the Medical College of Ohio, founded in 1819. He also helped create the Commercial Hospital and Lunatic Asylum for the State of Ohio in 1820. Drake contributed greatly to Ohio's development. His work helped provide Ohioans with capable doctors. He played a leading role in establishing several institutions of higher education. Drake also wrote numerous books on Ohio's animals, plants, and diseases. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL06955
Subjects: Ohio State School for the Blind; Blind--Education; Awl, William M. (William Maclay), 1799-1876; Drake, Daniel, 1785-1852; Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: This image shows the front exterior of the school that Ulysses S. Grant attended as a boy living in Georgetown, Ohio. The view of the one-story structure, located at 508 South Water Street, shows two front entrances and two chimneys at either end Hiram Ulysses Grant was born in Point Pleasant, Ohio, in April 1822. In 1823 his parents moved twenty miles east to Georgetown, where his father opened a tannery. Ulysses worked in his father's tannery, and from the ages of about six to thirteen, he attended classes in the little schoolhouse on Water Street. The building, built in 1829, consisted of only one room at that time. The teacher was John White, whom Grant mentioned in his memoirs. Later Grant attended an academy in Maysville, Kentucky, for a year, and then John Rankin's academy at Ripley for a year. His father then succeeded in getting him appointed to West Point where, through a bureaucratic error, his name was listed as Ulysses Simpson Grant. The information written on the back of the original photograph reads: "Caption. Ulysses S. Grant Schoolhouse, Georgetown, Photograph by Gertrude Shockey. This photo must be returned to OHIO WRITERS' PROJECT #8 E. Chestnut St., Columbus, Ohio." The old Grant Schoolhouse at Georgetown O. as it looks today, having been erected in 1804 as nameplate verifies. Gen. and Pres. Grant once attended school in this building now [number crossed out] years old, and proudly commemorated to his memory. Photo by Gertrude Shockey Georgetown, O." Note the discrepancy concerning the date of the school's construction as reported in the photocaption. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL06455
Subjects: Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885; School buildings; Schools--Ohio; Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Georgetown (Ohio); United States. Work Progress Administration
Places: Georgetown (Ohio); Brown County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photo titled: "Water, water everywhere but not a drop to drink." The caption reads: "Portsmouth as it looked to J. Otis Garber, deputy administrator of WPA in Ohio, left, and City Manager Frank E. Sheehan, during the 1937 flood. To prevent a recurrence of the water famine WPA workmen have completed a high futy water works which will function at a 90-foot flood stage. The 1937 flood reached a height of 74 feet." Photographed and descriped by the Information Unit WPA in OHIO, Clinton Building, Columbus, Ohio. The photo is from the "Portsmouth, Ohio, flood of 1937", SC 381. This collection contains 37 photographic black and white prints, 21 x 26cm or smaller; and 4 postcards in black in white, 9 x 14 cm. Photographs document the flood damage in Portsmouth, including sandbagging, floodwall construction, and WPA rescue efforts. In 1937, southern Ohio faced one of the worst floods in its history, known today as the "Great Flood of 1937." The Ohio River flood of 1937 took place in late January and February. In Cincinnati, the flood was particularly difficult for the city, where flood levels reached its crest of 79.99 feet on Tuesday, January 26, 1937. Communities along the Ohio River in Kentucky, Indiana, and Illinois also faced serious problems. Many people lost their homes as a result of the flood. The Ohio River Flood of 1937 caused more than twenty million dollars in damages. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: sc381_10_01
Subjects: Floods--Ohio River; Portsmouth (Ohio)--Flood, 1937
Places: Portsmouth (Ohio); Scioto County (Ohio)
 

Description: Lilly Henderson of Alabama speaks while Marsha Fuller of Kentucky and Denise Moore of Iowa listen on either side View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: MSS934_B03_F02_002
Subjects: Pageants--Ohio; Pageants--United States; Women with disabilities--Attitudes
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)